USA: Growing demand for large power transformers (LPTs) is creating additional challenges for the modernisation of the US hydropower fleet, where the average plant is around 80 years old.
A new report from the National Laboratory of the Rockies finds that transformer shortages, import dependence and limited domestic manufacturing capacity could delay rehabilitation projects. Hydropower facilities rely on LPTs to step up generator output for high-voltage transmission.
Procurement times for typical new LPTs have increased from 12–18 months to 30–36 months, while extra-high-voltage units can take up to 60 months. Transformer prices were also reported to be 50 % – 70 % higher in 2025 than in 2019.
More than 80 % of US demand for large power transformers is currently met through imports. Domestic production is also constrained by the availability of grain-oriented electrical steel and other components, including conductors, tap changers, bushings and insulation materials.
Hydropower projects face additional difficulties because transformers are often custom-designed and installed at remote locations. Transporting units weighing 100–400 t through mountain passes, waterways and restricted bridges can add significant cost and complexity.
Manufacturers including Delta Star, Hitachi Energy and Pennsylvania Transformer are expanding US capacity, while Siemens Energy is planning new production. However, the report warns that rising demand from grid modernisation and data centres continues to put pressure on available transformer supply.
Source: Renewableenergyworld.com
